Thursday, April 1, 2010

Israel launches air strikes on Gaza

Islamic World News
01 Apr 2010, NewAgeIslam.Com
Israel launches air strikes on Gaza

Chechen militant claims Moscow subway blasts

Terrorists blow up Anantnag-Baramulla rail track

Medvedev in Dagestan for security talks

Al-Sadr flexes muscles in Iraqi political jockeying

Condemned 'sorcerer' won't die Friday, lawyer says

Iran has the right to possess nuclear weapons

David Headley not connected to ISI, army: Pak

Pakistan has role in Afghan reconciliation: US

Israel welcomes China decision to discuss Iran sanctions

Obama's Divided Jerusalem

Afghan president accuses foreign election observers

Islamic scholars at Saudi meet urge 'extremists' to repent

A 'halal' sex shop in Holland

'Muslim empires no model for today's world'

Pakistani troops kill 28 militants in northwest

UN probe quizzed Hezbollah members says Nasrallah

30 prisoners escape after bomb blast at south Yemen jail

Muslim scholars tell Osama he's got it all wrong

Zardari enjoys immunity, can't reopen corruption case: Swiss prosecutor

Gunman fires upon crowd in DC, kills 4

Iran continues to build nukes, says CIA report

Iran sanctions within weeks: Obama

Iran's Jalili heads for China

26/11 trial ends, verdict on May 3

Taliban target Pak checkposts, 39 dead

Five schools blown up, eight militants killed in Orakzai

Afghanistan now world's top cannabis source: UN

Benazir commission mandate not extended

6 security men, 20 militants killed in Bara

Obama focusing on South Asia stability, says White House

India wants dialogue with Iran on IPI pipeline

3 Army men, 4 terrorists killed in J&K encounter

Jordan nixes nuclear ties with Israel

Tourists flock to 'Jesus's tomb' in Kashmir

Malaysia beer drink woman's caning sentence commuted

160,000 Indians for this Haj

China 'ready for talks' on new UN sanctions on Iran

Gujarat riots: Now, Nanavati panel may summon Modi

BJP not anti-Islam, but against terror outfits: Gadkari

Judge calls for new law to deal with honour killings

Islamic Finance, Muslim Philanthropy

Compiled by Akshay Kumar Ojha

URL: http://www.newageislam.com/NewAgeIslamIslamicWorldNews_1.aspx?ArticleID=2644

 

Israel launches air strikes on Gaza

02-04-10

Gaza City:  Israeli jets launched eight air strikes early Friday on Gaza, Palestinian officials said. There were no immediate reports of casualties.

The Israel Defense Forces said in a statement that two weapons factories were hit, one in northern Gaza and the other in central Gaza, as were two weapons depots in southern Gaza.

The strikes were carried out in retaliation against the recent firing of makeshift Qassam rockets from Gaza into Israel, an IDF spokesman said.

"The IDF will not tolerate any attempt to harm the citizens of Israel and will continue to operate firmly against anyone who uses terror against it," the IDF statement said.

"The IDF holds Hamas as solely responsible for maintaining peace and quiet in the Gaza Strip."

On Thursday, Israel dropped leaflets over Gaza warning residents of a possible strike.

The Israeli newspaper Haaretz, citing the IDF, said the strikes were Israeli's initial response to an operation in Khan Younis that killed two Israeli soldiers and wounded two others.

Three of Friday's strikes occurred in Khan Younis, one occurred east of Rafah, one on a cheese factory in Gaza City and one northwest of Beit Lahia, which is northwest of Gaza, Palestinian officials said.

Other strikes were on the Maghazi refugee camp in central Gaza, on a resistance training camp and on a Hamas outpost, they said.

http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/04/01/gaza.air.strikes/index.html?hpt=T2

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Chechen Militant Claims Moscow Subway Blasts

By Lauren Frayer

A top Chechen rebel leader has posted a chilling Web video statement claiming responsibility for sending suicide bombers onto the Moscow subway in attacks that killed 39 commuters earlier this week.

In the clip, Doku Umarov also threatened more attacks to avenge what he called atrocities ordered by Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin in the country's volatile North Caucasus region -- an area where Muslim separatists have waged a nearly 20-year insurgency against Russian control.

"You Russians only see the war on television and hear about it on the radio, and this is why you are quiet and do not react to the atrocities that your bandit groups under Putin's command carry out in the Caucasus," Umarov said in the 4.5-minute video. "I promise you that the war will come to your streets, and you will feel it in your lives and under your skin."

Chechen militant leader Doku Umarov warned Russians in a video posted Wednesday that "war will come to your streets." The authorities say his days are numbered.

The statement was posted on a pro-rebel Web site late Wednesday, just hours after another double suicide bombing killed at least 12 people -- mostly Russian law enforcement officials -- in Dagestan, another area of the North Caucasus near Chechnya. Early this morning, two more people were killed in Dagestan when a car packed with explosives blew up, local media reported.

"All these are links of the same chain, all this is the manifestation of the same terrorist activity which has recently started to resurface in the Caucasus," President Dmitry Medvedev told Russia's security council Wednesday. "I don't rule out that this is one and the same gang," Putin also said.

On Monday, investigators believe that two female suicide bombers strode onto a busy Moscow subway line during the morning rush hour and exploded themselves as the train doors were just opening, in brazen attacks that killed at least 39 people and wounded scores of commuters. It was the worst attack on Russia's capital in six years, hitting Muscovites close to home after a lull in which they began to feel insulated from violence raging in Russia's mainly Muslim southeast corner.

The 45-year-old Umarov, dressed in military camouflage and sitting cross-legged in what appears to be a forest clearing, said he ordered Monday's attacks to retaliate for an anti-terrorism raid by Russian security forces back in February. At least 20 people were killed in the operation, and Umarov accused officers of using knives to execute innocent, impoverished villagers.

This is the first official claim of responsibility for Monday's bombings, though Russian officials quickly blamed Muslim militants from the North Caucasus. They did not name Umarov publicly, but Putin vowed to "drag out of the sewer" those responsible.

In his video, Umarov said he could only grin when accused of terrorism because he has not heard people condemn Putin for similar crimes. Russian leaders "send their gangs to the Caucasus and support their security services that carry out massacres," he said.

There's been no public response from Putin since Umarov's video hit the Internet late Wednesday. But Chechnya's representative in Russia's parliament, Ziyad Sabsabi, dismissed Umarov's threats. "It doesn't matter that he has claimed responsibility for those bestial murders," Sabsabi told the Interfax news agency. "In any case, his days are numbered."

Russian forces have tried for years to capture or kill Umarov, who declared jihad in 2007 to establish an Islamic emirate in the Caucasus ruled by Muslim sharia law. Despite two brutal wars against Chechen separatists like Umarov, the Kremlin has been unable to halt a simmering insurgency in the mainly Muslim region.

The area has seen increased attacks in recent months, with almost daily clashes between Russian security forces and rebel fighters. Police have killed several high-profile militant leaders during that time, including one known for training suicide bombers.

A report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies said 916 people died in the North Caucasus in 2009 in violence related to the clashes, up from 586 in 2008. Another monitoring group, the Caucasian Knot, reported the region had 172 terrorist attacks last year, killing 280 people in Chechnya, 319 in Ingushetia and 263 in Dagestan.

It's unclear how much power Umarov wields over militants across the North Caucasus, of which Chechnya is part. Analysts say small groups of insurgents are loosely connected but largely operate independently, without overall coordination.

http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/chechen-militant-doku-umarov-claims-responsibility-for-moscow-subway-blasts/19422553

 

Terrorists blow up Anantnag-Baramulla rail track

April 02, 2010

Terrorists blew up a portion of the Anantnag-Baramulla rail track near Galbugh in the south Kashmir Pulwama district late on Thursday night.

This is for the first time where terrorists in Kashmir have attacked Kashmir's railways -- the Anantnag-Baramulla rail track is the only rail link connecting the south and north of the Valley and was inaugurated by Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh [ Images ] in 2008.

A senior police officer said militants had used an improvised explosive device for the blast, which destroyed a portion of the track near Galbugh village.

"The rail traffic has been suspended and restoration work is on,' said the officer.

The Anantnag-Baramulla train, which starts its journey from Qazigund in Anantnag district and is used extensively by office-goers, students and businessmen, has been suspended till the repair is completed.

"The traffic on the track would be resumed soon," the officer said.

Authorities have made elaborate security arrangements along the south-north rail link, which is guarded by the railway police and the central reserve police force

© 2010 Rediff.com

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Medvedev in Dagestan for security talks

1 April 2010

Moscow, Russia -- Russian President Dmitry Medvedev arrived Thursday in Dagestan to hold talks with regional political leaders and government officials following this week's bomb blasts in Moscow and car bombings in the southern Russian republic.

Medvedev planned to to hold a meeting about the situation with the heads of republics in the North Caucasus, territorial units of Russia's Federal Security Service, and the Interior Ministry, the Interfax news agency reported.

A car exploded in Dagestan late Wednesday, killing two men and wounding one more, Russian state-run news agency Itar-Tass reported.

The Dagestani Interior Ministry said the car may have been carrying a homemade explosive device, Itar-Tass reported.

It happened in the Khasavyurt region, about 75 kilometers (46.5 miles) from the regional capital of Makhachkala, the news agency said.

Twelve people were killed and 23 wounded earlier Wednesday when two car bombs exploded in the Dagestani town of Kizlyar, near the restive republic of Chechnya.

Most of the dead and wounded were police officers, officials told CNN.

Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said he doesn't rule out the double bombings earlier Wednesday were carried out by the same terrorist groups behind Monday's suicide attacks on the Moscow metro, in which two female suicide bombers killed at least 39 people.

Chechen rebel leader Dokku Umarov claimed Wednesday on a Chechen rebel Web site that he personally gave orders for the subway attacks.

http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/04/01/russia.dagestan.bomb/index.html?hpt=

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Al-Sadr flexes muscles in Iraqi political jockeying

By Mohammed Tawfeeq, Yousif Bassil and Mohammed Jamjoom

02 April 2, 2010

Baghdad, Iraq -- Muqtada al-Sadr, the firebrand cleric with a loyal following among the Shiite population in Iraq, could play a major role in the formation of a new national government.

Al-Sadr has refused to back the top vote-getters in the March 7 election and is asking his followers to designate a prime minister of their choosing in a referendum this weekend.

This is the latest political jockeying in the aftermath of the election for the 325-member parliament.

International observers, such as the United Nations and the United States, have said they were pleased with the process. They are hoping that disagreements will be settled amicably with no backsliding into instability that could affect the planned withdrawal of U.S. combat troops at the end of August and of all American troops at the end of next year.

The U.N. Security Council on Thursday welcomed the provisional results, looked forward to their certification by the Supreme Court, and urged all political entities "to respect the certified election results and the choices of the Iraqi people."

The Iraqiya bloc of Ayad Allawi won 91 seats, a razor-thin victory over the State of the Law coalition of Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki, which gained 89 seats, according to the provisional results.

Full report at:

http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/04/01/iraq.politics/index.html?hpt=T1

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Condemned 'sorcerer' won't die Friday, lawyer says

02 April 2, 2010

A Lebanese man condemned to death for sorcery by a court in Saudi Arabia won't face beheading Friday, his lawyer said Thursday.

May El Khansa told CNN she received assurances from Lebanon's justice minister that Ali Hussain Sibat will not be executed Friday. But there was no indication that Sibat's death sentence would be commuted or that he would be released, she said.

There was no immediate confirmation of the report from Lebanon's Justice Ministry, and Saudi authorities have not responded to requests for comment on Sibat's case. Sibat's wife made an emotional plea for mercy during a CNN interview Thursday, asking the kingdom's rulers to let him come back to his country and his family."

"All I ask is for the Saudi king and the Saudi government to show him mercy -- let him come back to his country and his family," Samira Rahmoon said.

Full report at:

http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/04/01/saudi.arabia.sorcery/index.html

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Iran has the right to possess nuclear weapons

By Khalid Amayreh

April 1st, 2010

One of the most scandalous manifestations of the present international order is the so-called "nuclear hypocrisy." The United States, the only country to have committed a nuclear holocaust, is insisting that Iran has no right to possess a nuclear capability.

This nearly pornographic hypocrisy which the U.S. displays vis-à-vis the issue of nuclear proliferation is provocative and indefensible.

The US thinks it is fine to have Israel possess several hundred nuclear bombs and warheads, along with their American-supplied or Israeli-manufactured delivery systems. However, the same America vehemently rejects the very suggestion that Iran, or any other Middle Eastern country, should possess a nuclear capability.

The US, along with influential Zionist circles which control US politics to a large extent, routinely come up with a spate of largely spurious arguments about the inadmissibility of an Iranian nuclear capability.

They claim that Iranian leaders are too unreasonable, too unbalanced and might be too suicidal, as Bernard Lewis once claimed, to be allowed to possess a nuclear capability.

Another irrational claim is that once Iran possessed such a capability, it might attack the terrorist state of Israel, an entity armed to the teeth.

Full report at:

thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2010/04/01/iran-has-the-right-to-possess-nuclear-we

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David Headley not connected to ISI, army: Pak

Mar 31, 2010

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan military on Wednesday dismissed as "fabricated" reports that Pakistani-American David Headley, who confessed to plotting Mumbai attacks, had named three army and ISI officials for their involvement in the 26/11 strikes, claiming that it was an attempt to malign security agencies.

A spokesman for the Inter-Services Public Relations "strongly denied the contents of a news report which appeared in a section of the national and international media, quoting unsubstantiated sources, that David Headley, a suspect (in the) Mumbai attacks, has named three officers of the Pakistan Army and ISI about their direct involvement in the Mumbai attack."

Full report at:

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/David-Headley-not-connected-to-ISI-army-Pak/articleshow/5747653.cms

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Pakistan has role in Afghan reconciliation: US

By Anwar Iqbal

Thursday, 01 Apr, 2010

WASHINGTON: The Pentagon has said that Pakistan also needs to be enlisted in any effort to seek reconciliation with the Afghan militants, although the process has to be led and managed by Kabul.

A senior US defence official, while briefing journalists in Washington, recalled that Pakistan had offered assistance to Afghanistan in the reconciliation process and the offer needed to be considered "because of the tribal region and the nature of it".

"Under those terms, then, I think, you know, probably helping enlistment of Pakistan in that as well as — in that framework" for reconciliation would be useful, the official said.

But the decision for accepting Pakistan's offer would have to be taken by the Afghan government because the reconciliation and reintegration process had to be "led and managed" by the Afghans, said the US official.

The US believed that some of the militants were reconcilable and some were not, the official added.

Full report at:

dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/pakistan-has-role-in-afghan-reconciliation-us-140

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Israel welcomes China decision to discuss Iran sanctions

April 01, 2010

JERUSALEM: Israel on Thursday welcomed China's decision to discuss new UN sanctions against Iran while expressing doubt that the measures under consideration would do much to slow Tehran's nuclear drive.

"It's an interesting change and progress on the part of China, which has eased its opposition to new sanctions against Iran, but there is no need to indulge in premature joy," Israel's UN ambassador Gabriela Shalev said.

"Ultimately, the United Nations will not impose crippling sanctions against the Iranian regime," she added in an interview with Israel's army radio.

The United States said Wednesday that China was ready to hold "serious" talks at the United Nations on sanctions to curb Iran's nuclear programme, which Israel and the West believe is secretly aimed at producing weapons.

China has veto power on UN Security Council resolutions and has consistently opposed punishing Iran.

Full report at:

http://thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=101949

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Obama's Divided Jerusalem

By David Weinberg

April 01, 2010

The upshot of last week's Obama-Netanyahu confrontation is that the White House wants to move Israel rapidly towards a division of Jerusalem.

the shearing of Jerusalem into Arab and Jewish sovereignties will turn it into the bull's eye of Mideast battle – a city that will make Belfast at its worst look like paradise.

However, the widely-held presumption that splitting Jerusalem will lead to prosperity for the city and to peace for Jews and Arabs is an egregious error. Partitioning Jerusalem will destroy the city. It will die, in every way – culturally, religiously, economically and more. And politically, the shearing of Jerusalem into Arab and Jewish sovereignties will turn it into the bull's eye of Mideast battle – a city that will make Belfast at its worst look like paradise.

The main reason for this is that any section of the city handed over to "Arab" rule will immediately become Ground Zero for the fierce war being waged within the Arab world over Islamic lifestyle, ideology and legitimacy.

Just who is going to rule in "Arab" eastern Jerusalem? Will it be the declining secular Palestinian national movement (whose sway in the West Bank is tentative at best), or the radical Islamist Hamas (which openly seeks Israel's destruction), or the annihilationist Al-Qaeda affiliated forces (who are growing in strength in the territories), or the increasingly radical and violent Israeli Arab Islamic movement (which has been the main force behind recent unrest on the Temple Mount), or the Jordanians (who have a superior claim to Arab leadership in Jerusalem under the 1994 peace treaty with Israel), or the Moroccans (who head the Arab League's Supreme Jerusalem Committee), or the Saudis (who see themselves as the true custodians of Islamic holy sites)?

Full report at:

http://davidmweinberg.com/2010/03/27/woe-will-be-a-divided-jerusalem/

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Afghan president accuses foreign election observers

1 April 2010

Afghan President Hamid Karzai has accused foreign election observers of fraud during last year's disputed vote.

Fraud had been widespread, Mr Karzai conceded, but he blamed foreigners for it, saying the UN was its focal point.

Mr Karzai singled out Peter Galbraith, the then deputy head of the UN mission, who he said had organised the fraud.

He accused Mr Galbraith of feeding details to the international media in an attempt to blacken his name. Mr Galbraith called the claim incredible.

He said the suggestion that the UN had stolen votes also served as a sharp reminder of the fraud that dogged the election.

Mr Galbraith resigned last year, alleging that the UN was not doing enough to combat fraud in the election.

Full report at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8598843.stm

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Islamic scholars at Saudi meet urge 'extremists' to repent

April 01, 2010

RIYADH: Muslim scholars from around the world who met this week in Medina have denounced "terrorism" and appealed to "extremists" to repent, a statement said on Thursday.

The four-day Islamic conference, sponsored by Saudi Interior Minister Prince Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz and organised by the Islamic University of Medina, drew some 500 participants, according to press reports.

The scholars condemned "all acts of terrorism wherever they take place and whoever is behind them," said the concluding statement from the conference, which wrapped up late Wednesday.

Full report at:

http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=101979

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A 'halal' sex shop in Holland

Apr 1, 2010,

THE HAGUE: Candid but demure, an online sex shop for Muslims has been launched in the Netherlands to tap into a demand for erotica that does not offend Sharia law.

"We had about 70,000 hits in the first four days," founder Abdelaziz Aouragh said of his site that went online last week and claims to be the world's first erotic webshop for Muslims. The 29-year-old Dutch national said it targets married Muslim couples as an alternative to sites "that focus on pornography and the extravagant side of erotica" — things forbidden in Islam.

The home page of El Asira, which means "Society" in Arabic, is a sober black and grey street with a line down the center, inviting women to enter on the left and men on the right. Once inside, clients can browse in Dutch, Arabic or English through more than a dozen products, mainly massage oils, lubricants and tablets that claim to act as aphrodisiacs.

Full report at:  timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/A-halal-sex-shop-in-Holland/articleshow/5749096.cms

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'Muslim empires no model for today's world'

Apr 1, 2010

PARIS: Aef Ali Nayed, a Libyan who heads the Dubai theological think-tank Kalam Research and Media, said at the Mardin conference in Turkey that the great Muslim empires of the past were not a model for a globalised world where borders were increasingly irrelevant.

"We must not be obsessed with an Islam conceived of only geographically and politically," he said. "Living in the diaspora is often more conducive to healthy and sincere Muslim living. Empires and carved-out 'Islamic states' often make us complacent."

Nayed said that Muslims must also understand that "not all types of secularisms are anti-religious." The United States has stayed religious despite its separation of church and state, but some "French Revolution-like secularisms" were anti-religious.

The declaration ended with a call to all Muslim scholars for more research to explain the context of medieval fatwas on public issues and show "what is hoped to be gained from a sound and correct understanding of their respective legacies."

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/Muslim-empires-no-model-for-todays-world/articleshow/5749098.cms

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Pakistani troops kill 28 militants in northwest

Apr 1, 2010

PARACHINAR, Pakistan: Pakistani troops stormed militant positions and helicopters destroyed vehicles carrying insurgents near the Afghan border Thursday, killing 28 suspected militants and forcing thousands of civilians to flee, officials said.

The offensive in the Orakzai tribal region is aimed at flushing out Pakistani Taliban insurgents who had fled an army onslaught further south. Government official Sami Ullah said at least 18 militants died in clashes with troops in Orakzai.

As a group of insurgents fled to the neighboring Kurram region, helicopters hit three vehicles, killing 10 more militants and wounding some others, local military commander Lt. Col. Akbar Butt said.

Full report at:

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Pakistani-troops-kill-28-militants-in-northwest/articleshow/5751151.cms

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UN probe quizzed Hezbollah members says Nasrallah

1 April 2010

The leader of militant group Hezbollah has confirmed that a UN investigation into the killing of a Lebanese prime minister questioned Hezbollah members.

Former PM Rafik Hariri and 22 other people were killed in Beirut in a massive blast in 2005.

His allies accused Syria of involvement in the attack, which it denied. Hezbollah has close ties with Damascus.

This is the first time Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah has confirmed that members of the group were questioned.

He said they had been given assurances that they were being questioned as witnesses and not suspects.

Full report at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8598964.stm

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30 prisoners escape after bomb blast at south Yemen jail

Apr 1, 2010

SANAA: Around 30 prisoners escaped after a bomb explosion at a prison in southern Yemen on Thursday, police said, identifying the fugitives as sympathisers of a secessionist movement.

They said a dispute broke out at a police post next to the jail between policemen and sympathisers of the breakaway movement arrested for having taken part in a protest in Daleh, 280 kilometres (170 miles) from Sanaa.

The detained protesters hurled a bomb, according to police, who said two policemen and three of the demonstrators were wounded. About 30 of those just arrested managed to escape in the mayhem.

Members of the movement for the independence of south Yemen said that the bomb was thrown by police.

Full report at:

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/30-prisoners-escape-after-bomb-blast-at-south-Yemen-jail/articleshow/5751078.cms

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Muslim scholars tell Osama he's got it all wrong

Apr 1, 2010

PARIS: Prominent Muslim scholars have recast a famous medieval fatwa on jihad, arguing that the religious edict radical Islamists often cite to justify killing cannot be used in a globalized world that respects faith and civil rights.

A conference in Mardin in southeastern Turkey declared the fatwa by 14th century scholar Ibn Taymiyya rules out militant violence and the medieval division of the world into a "house of Islam" and "house of unbelief" no longer applies.

Osama bin Laden has quoted Ibn Taymiyya's "Mardin fatwa" repeatedly while calling for Muslims to overthrow the Saudi monarchy and wage jihad against the US.

Referring to that document, the conference said: "Anyone who seeks support from this fatwa for killing Muslims or non-Muslims has erred in his interpretation... It is not for a Muslim individual or group to declare war or engage in combative jihad... on their own."

The declaration is the latest bid by mainstream scholars to use age-old Muslim texts to refute current-day religious arguments by Islamist groups. A leading Pakistani scholar issued a 600-page fatwa against terrorism in London early this month.

Full report at:

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Muslim-scholars-tell-Osama-hes-got-it-all-wrong/articleshow/5748591.cms

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Zardari enjoys immunity, can't reopen corruption case: Swiss prosecutor

Mar 31, 2010

GENEVA: Pakistan has not asked Swiss authorities to reopen a corruption case against President Asif Ali Zardari, Geneva's public prosecutor said on Wednesday.

In any case, Zardari enjoys immunity from prosecution as a head of state, Prosecutor-General Daniel Zappelli said.

"I have not received any request," Zappelli said, commenting on news from Islamabad that Pakistan's anti-corruption agency would ask the Swiss to revive the case.

Zardari and his wife, assassinated former prime minister Benazir Bhutto, were convicted by a Geneva court in 2003 of laundering $13 million linked to kickbacks, but that verdict was overturned on appeal and Swiss judicial authorities said in August 2008 they had closed the file on the case.

Zappelli said that Pakistan's embassy in Switzerland had officially notified him in June 2008 of a decision by Pakistan's prosecutor-general in April of that year to withdraw proceedings against Zardari.

Full report at:

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/Zardari-enjoys-immunity-cant-reopen-corruption-case-Swiss-prosecutor/articleshow/5747712.cms

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Gunman fires upon crowd in DC, kills 4

Apr 1, 2010

WASHINGTON: A drive-by shooting killed four people and wounded at least five others in the nation's capital, officials said.

A gunman sprayed bullets "into a crowd" on Tuesday night, DC police chief Cathy Lanier said. Three people were arrested and a weapon was later recovered, police said. Six men and three women were shot around 7.30pm in South Capitol Street in the southeastern part of the city, a DC police department spokesman said.

The fire department said all of the victims were in their 20s and 30s, except for one teenager. The Washington Post reported that police pursued a van from the scene, aided by a helicopter. Four DC officers were slightly injured while chasing a suspect's vehicle.

One victim died at the scene, one was dead on arrival at the hospital, and the third died in the operating room.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Gunman-fires-upon-crowd-in-DC-kills-4/articleshow/5749116.cms

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Iran continues to build nukes, says CIA report

Apr 1, 2010

WASHINGTON: A new report by the Central Intelligence Agency has said that Iran is still working on building nuclear weapons despite technical setbacks and international resistance.

The CIA report is the latest official study expressing concern over Iran's continuing nuclear activities.

"Iran continues to develop a range of capabilities that could be applied to producing nuclear weapons, if a decision is made to do so," the report said. "Iran continued to expand its nuclear infrastructure and continued uranium enrichment and activities related to its heavy water research reactor, despite multiple UN Security Council Resolutions since late 2006 calling for the suspension of those activities," it added.

The new report also stands in contradiction with the 2007 National Intelligence Estimate on Iran, which determined that the country had halted its nuclear production efforts in 2003.

Meanwhile, President Barack Obama said he wants the new sanctions against Iran to be placed within weeks and not in months. "My hope is we are going to get this (sanctions against Iran) done this spring. So I am not interested in waiting months for a sanctions regime to be in place. I'm interested in seeing that... in weeks," Obama said.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Iran-continues-to-build-nukes-says-CIA-report/articleshow/5749110.cms

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Iran sanctions within weeks: Obama

Narayan Lakshman

Washington DC: President Obama on Wednesday said he believed the U.S. and the international community could have United Nations sanctions against Iran "within weeks," over Iran's alleged nuclear development programme.

Speaking at a press conference with visiting French President Nicolas Sarkozy, Mr. Obama said the U.S. had made clear that there would be a time limit to the engagement-based approach, and if progress was not evident by the end of the year, it would be time to move forwards on that sanctions track.

"I am not interested in waiting months for a sanctions regime to be in place. I am interested in seeing that regime in place in weeks, and we are working diligently with our international partners," said Mr. Obama, adding that the U.S. would "move forcefully on a U.N. sanctions regime".

Full report at:

http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/01/stories/2010040163241600.htm

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Iran's Jalili heads for China

Atul Aneja

DUBAI: Iran's top nuclear negotiator Saeed Jalili is heading for China as the U.S. has mounted a high profile effort to impose sanctions against Tehran.

Mr. Jalili will meet high-ranking Chinese officials when he commences his visit to Beijing on Thursday.

Reiterating that Washington and Beijing were not on the same page on the question of sanctions, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said on Tuesday more diplomatic initiatives were required to address the Iranian issue.

"We will continue to work with all parties towards the solution of the

Iranian nuclear issue through diplomatic and peaceful means," said Mr. Qin. "China has not changed its stance on the Iranian nuclear issue. We insist on safeguarding international nuclear non-proliferation regime, and we also take into account regional peace and stability."

http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/01/stories/2010040155401400.htm

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26/11 trial ends, verdict on May 3

Rahi Gaikwad

Mumbai: Marking the end of the year-long 26/11 trial, the special sessions court here on Wednesday announced May 3, 2010, as "the day of judgment." Judge M.L. Tahaliyani gave the date after the lawyer for the third and last accused, Sabahuddin Ahmed, concluded his final arguments.

On May 3, the court will give its verdict on the various charges against Mohammad Ajmal Amir Kasab, and co-accused Fahim Ansari and Sabahuddin. The recording of the judgment will be done in April.

"May 3 ko faisla hoga aapka [Verdict will be pronounced on you on May 3]," Mr. Tahaliyani informed Kasab, who appeared unmoved by the announcement. He did not interact with his lawyer K.P. Pawar on Wednesday and has not done so in a long time.

Full report at:

hindu.com/2010/04/01/stories/2010040155890100.htm

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Taliban target Pak checkposts, 39 dead

By A. Muhammad

01 April 2010

Peshawar : Hundreds of heavily armed Taliban fighters attacked Pakistani security forces' checkposts at two places near the Afghan border triggering fierce gunbattles which left six soldiers and 33 militants dead.

Paramilitary Frontier Corps personnel repelled the attack in which Taliban fighters used bomb-rigged vehicles, rockets and assault rifles to overwhelm the security forces' checkpost in Jansi area of Khyber tribal region on the main highway between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Officials said six Frontier Corps personnel were killed and about 15 others injured in the attack. But the security forces did not allow the insurgents to get inside the military camp.

The security forces killed 25 militants while repulsing the attack, they said. The troops also destroyed a number of explosive-laden vehicles which were being used by the Taliban fighters to storm into the camp.

Full report at:

asianage.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7394:taliban-target-pak-checkposts-39-dead-&catid=36:international&Itemid=61

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Five schools blown up, eight militants killed in Orakzai

By S. Hassan Mahmood

01 Apr, 2010

KALAYA: Militants set on fire five schools and a basic health centre in Utmankhel area of Orakzai on Wednesday while eight militants were killed in attacks by helicopter gunships.

According to reports reaching here, the five government schools in Spin Kada, Dhand Garhi and Shalon Talab areas were torched and later blown up by militants.

The basic health unit was blown up in Karghan.

Militants were also reported to have set 15 houses on fire. Helicopter gunships pounded suspected militant positions in the region and killed eight militants. Official sources said five militant bunkers had been destroyed in Merobek, Surgul, Sherin Dara and Bezot areas.

Meanwhile, a mortar shell hit the house of a tribesman Dadir Khan in Liari area, killing four people, including two women.

According to sources, four militants were killed by a roadside bomb, but their leader Noor Jamal narrowly escaped.

http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/19-five-schools-blown-up%2C-8-militants-killed-in-orakzai-140-hh-02

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Afghanistan now world's top cannabis source: UN

01 Apr, 2010

KABUL, March 31: Afghanistan, the world's biggest producer of opium, has now become the top supplier of cannabis, with large-scale cultivation in half of its provinces, the United Nations said on Wednesday.

Between 10,000 and 24,000 hectares of cannabis are grown every year in Afghanistan, with major cultivation in 17 out 34 provinces, the UN drug agency (UNODC) said in its first report on cannabis production in Afghanistan.

While some countries grow cannabis on more land, Afghanistan's robust crop yields make it the world's largest producer, estimated at 1,500-3,500 tonnes a year.

"This report shows that Afghanistan's drug problem is even more complex than just the opium trade," said Antonio Maria Costa, head of UNODC in the report.

"Reducing Afghanistan's cannabis supply should be dealt with more seriously, as part of the national drug control strategy."

For years Afghanistan has been the world's largest producer of opium, a paste extracted from poppies and processed into heroin. While land cultivated with poppies fell by 22 per cent last year, record yields meant production fell only 10 per cent.

The illegal opium trade is said to fuel the insurgency with the Taliban siphoning off millions of dollars from the trade by imposing taxes on farmers and smugglers in return for ensuring safe passage of the drug.—Reuters

http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/afghanistan-now-worlds-top-cannabis-source-un-140

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Benazir commission mandate not extended

By Masood Haider

01 Apr, 2010

UNITED NATIONS, March 31: Diplomats and officials at the United Nations headquarters were surprised at the last-minute request by the Pakistan government to delay the UN Commission report on the assassination of former prime minister Benazir Bhutto.

Islamabad asked the United Nations to delay the release of report to April 15.

A UN spokesman told Dawn on Wednesday "this is a technical delay", adding that the "commission has not asked nor has it been given an extension so far". However, UN officials did not preclude the possibility of extension if sought by the commission.

Last December the commission sought the extension citing more work and the secretary general extended the mandate to March 31.

In Islamabad, presidential spokesman Farhatullah Babar was quoted as saying "the country had requested the delay so the commission could attempt to question two heads of state who he said had called Ms Bhutto before her death warning her of "serious threats to her life".

Full report at:

dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/benazir-commission-mandate-not-extended-140

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6 security men, 20 militants killed in Bara

By Ibrahim Shinwari

Thursday, 01 Apr, 2010

LANDI KOTAL: At least six security personnel were killed and 15 others injured in a suicide blast which followed an attack by militants on a checkpoint in Bara area of Khyber Agency on Wednesday.

According to a security official in Jamrud, security forces killed at least 20 militants and injured 30 others in a clash after the attack. After that a suicide bomber rammed an explosive-laden vehicle into the gate of the Jansi post.

A handout issued by the ISPR said that the pre-dawn attack by over 100 heavily armed terrorists had been repulsed.

Troops launched an operation in Bara tehsil with the help of the Frontier Corps in September last year to flush out militants and outlaws.

A large number of militants belonging to banned organisations have been killed or captured during the operation.

http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/6-security-men%2C-20-militants-killed-in-bara-140

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Obama focusing on South Asia stability, says White House

April 1st, 2010

WASHINGTON—President Barack Obama is devoting considerable time to United States' relations with Pakistan, Afghanistan and India in order to see the security strengthened and advance mutual goals in the vitally important region, a White House spokesman said Tuesday.

"Obviously the President, as you know and as many of you have seen, has spent considerable time on our relationships with Afghanistan, Pakistan and India in order to see security strengthened and our mutual goals worked on in an important region in the world," Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said.

The spokesman's remarks, in response to a question about progress in US-India nuclear deal, came in the wake of President Obama's surprise weekend visit to Afghanistan, where the US is striving for a positive outcome of its high-stakes post-9/11 military and civilian engagment. Washington also relies critically on Pakistan's anti-militancy efforts in its tribal regions bordering Afghanistan, a fact the US leader noted in his speech in Afghanistan while acknowledging that Islamabad is mounting major offensives against violent extremists within its borders.

Full report at:

http://dailymailnews.com/0410/01/FrontPage/FrontPage4.php

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India wants dialogue with Iran on IPI pipeline

April 1st, 2010

CANCUN—Seeking to revive talks that have been on freeze for almost three years, India today proposed dialogue with Iran to discuss impediments in implementation of the Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) gas pipeline project. Petroleum Minister Murli Deora met Iran's Deputy Minister for International Affairs H Noghrehkar Shirazi on the sidelines of the 12th International Energy Forum here to propose bilateral talks in May. "We are ready to hold talks and have proposed meeting of Joint Working Group (of the two countries) on the pipeline project," Sunil Jain, Joint Secretary (International Cooperation), said after the meeting, reported PTI.

India has been boycotting formal talks on the project since 2007 over security concerns. "We are waiting for them (Iran) to decide on the dates," he said. The New Delhi's offer of talks follows Iran and Pakistan signing pacts to implement the long-talked project on bilateral basis.

India wants Iran to be responsible for safe passage of gas through 1,035-km pipeline length in Pakistan and would pay for the fuel only when it is delivered at Pakistan-India border. Iran, on the other hand, has suggested a trilateral mechanism, meaning contractual provisions between three countries, to ensure safe delivery of gas to India. Under this system, New Delhi pays for its share of gas even if the supplies were to be disrupted in Pakistan, officials said. They said Tehran has been insisting that ownership of gas would be transfered at Iran-Pakistan border while New Delhi wants it to be Pakistan-India border.—Agencies

http://dailymailnews.com/0410/01/FrontPage/FrontPage6.php

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3 Army men, 4 terrorists killed in J&K encounter

Apr 1, 2010

JAMMU: Three Armymen and four Lashkar-e-Taiba terrorists were killed in an 18-hour fierce encounter that ended in Rajouri on Wednesday. Nagrota-based defence spokesman Lt Col Vikram Singh said a jawan and the Dharamsal police station SHO were injured in the encounter in forest area of Kamrot Kandi Kalakote in Rajouri.

Singh said a joint team of Army and police was engaged in a combing operation in Tilnai Khoo forest area in Kandi Bhudal belt of Rajouri district when they spotted six Pakistani terrorists trying to sneak into the Indian side.

When challenged, the terrorists fired at the security focres, triggering a fierce gunbattle at 4.50pm on Monday. In the encounter that lasted till early Tuesday, four LeT terrorists — all from Pakistan — were killed, police said.

Four AK rifles, magazines, grenades, pistols, a satellite phone, a GPS device, geo-satellite maps of J&K, Pakistan-made edible and electronic items were recovered from them, police added.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/3-Army-men-4-terrorists-killed-in-JK-encounter/articleshow/5748976.cms

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Jordan nixes nuclear ties with Israel

By ABDUL JALIL MUSTAFA

Mar 31, 2010

AMMAN: Jordan on Wednesday totally excluded cooperation with Israel in nuclear spheres unless it joined the relevant global agreements and withdrew from the occupied Arab territories.

"Jordan will not have any form of nuclear cooperation with Israel before it abides by the relevant international resolutions, including the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty," chairman of the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) Khalid Touqan said.

"Israel should also commit itself to a peaceful, just and comprehensive solution to the Palestinian question and returning the occupied territories to their legitimate owners," he said.

Touqan called for a Middle East free of all mass destruction arms and urged the world community to "apply this policy to all parties in the region".

http://arabnews.com/middleeast/article37619.ece

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Tourists flock to 'Jesus's tomb' in Kashmir

By Sam Miller

Srinagar: Jesus is reputed to be buried in this run-down shrine in the Kashmir capital

In the backstreets of downtown Srinagar is an old building known as the Rozabal shrine.

It's in a part of the city where the Indian security forces are on regular patrol, or peering out from behind check-posts made of sandbags.

There are still occasional clashes with militants or stone-throwing children, but the security situation has improved in recent times and the tourists are returning.

When I first searched for Rozabal two years ago, the taxi circled around a minor Muslim tomb in a city of many mosques and mausoleums, the driver asking directions several times before we found it.

The shrine, on a street corner, is a modest stone building with a traditional Kashmiri multi-tiered sloping roof.

A watchman led me in and encouraged me to inspect the smaller wooden chamber within, with its trellis-like, perforated screen.

Through the gaps I could see a gravestone covered with a green cloth.

When I returned to the shrine recently though, it was shut - its gate padlocked because it had attracted too many visitors.

The reason? Well, according to an eclectic combination of New Age Christians, unorthodox Muslims and fans of the Da Vinci Code, the grave contains the mortal remains of a candidate for the most important visitor of all time to India.

'Crazy professor'

Full report at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/8587838.stm

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Malaysia beer drink woman's caning sentence commuted

1 April 2010

A Malaysian woman sentenced to be caned for drinking beer has had her punishment commuted.

Kartika Sari Dewi Shukarno had pleaded guilty to the offence under Malaysia's Islamic law and was to have received six strokes of a rattan cane.

But her family said religious officials had overturned the ruling, ordering her to carry out community service instead.

Ms Kartika's original sentence, which had been delayed several times, had provoked fierce debate.

While drinking alcohol is forbidden for Muslims, prosecutions are rare.

Ms Kartika's family was informed by letter that the sultan of Pahang state, where Ms Kartika was arrested for drinking beer in a beachfront hotel in December 2007, had overturned the ruling.

Full report at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8598190.stm

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160,000 Indians for this Haj

By K.S. RAMKUMAR

Apr 1, 2010

JEDDAH: India signed on Wednesday night an agreement enabling its pilgrims to perform this year's Haj. Minister of Haj Fouad Al-Farsy and India's Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor signed the deal, which will allow over 160,000 Indian pilgrims perform this year's Haj.

Tharoor was accompanied by members of Parliament Mohsina Kidwai and Madani Mahmood Hussain, and Indian Ambassador Talmiz Ahmad.

"Over 160,000 Indian pilgrims coming through the Haj Committee of India (HCI) and private tour operators are expected to perform Haj this year. A request for an additional quota has been forwarded to the Ministry of Haj taking into account the large number of applicants," Tharoor told a press conference at the consulate.

Last year, 160,000 pilgrims performed the Haj successfully. They were selected from 357,000 applicants. "Our discussion with the Haj minister was both positive and constructive. Our efforts are directed to improving our partnership in the interest of our pilgrims," he said.

Full report at:

http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article37686.ece

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China 'ready for talks' on new UN sanctions on Iran

1 April 2010

Tehran says its nuclear programme is peaceful

Iran's top nuclear official is holding talks in China amid signs Beijing may have relaxed its opposition to a new round of UN sanctions against Tehran.

The US ambassador to the UN, Susan Rice, said China was ready to hold "serious" talks with Western powers on a new UN resolution.

This would mark a policy shift for China, which has strong ties with Iran. China says it wants a peaceful outcome.

Western powers claim Iran seeks nuclear weapons, a charge Tehran denies.

China has in the past expressed reluctance to see new sanctions imposed, and as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, along with France, the US, the UK, and Russia, it has the power to veto such a move.

US President Barack Obama, meanwhile, has said he hopes to have sanctions in place "within weeks".

Full report at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8598215.stm

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Gujarat riots: Now, Nanavati panel may summon Modi

Apr 1, 2010,

AHMEDABAD: The Nanavati Commission probing the 2002 riot cases on Thursday kept the option of questioning Chief Minister Narendra Modi open when it told the Gujarat High Court that its decision not to summon him was "not final".

The Commission was clarifying its position while responding to a poser by the High Court on March 22 that it communicate by today whether its decision not to summon the 59-year-old BJP leader for questioning was tentative or final.

State Advocate General Kamal Trivedi produced a letter written by secretary of Nanavati Commission in this regard in the court which was taken on record.

Chief Justice S J Mukhopadhaya and Justice Akil Kureshi in its order said, "The Nanavati Commission's letter says that its order of September 18, 2009 is not final."

"In view of the letter submitted by the Nanavati Commission the matter has been adjourned till June 17", the court said.

Full report at:

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gujarat-riots-Now-Nanavati-panel-may-summon-Modi/articleshow/5751333.cms

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BJP not anti-Islam, but against terror outfits: Gadkari

April 1st, 2010

Kolkata, BJP today denied allegations of being anti-Islam, saying it was against organisations like al-Qaeda, ISI and Lashkar-e-Taiba which carry out terrorism in the name of religion.

"The BJP is sometimes accused of being anti-Islam. I say, if it were so, why did Atal Bihari Vajpayee suggest the name of A P J Abdul Kalam for the post of President?" BJP President Nitin Gadkari told a citizen's convention.

Charging the Congress with being unable to contain terrorism, he said, "it cannot fight terrorism as long as it remains at the Centre. Terrorists will come and go... and people will end up organising candlelight vigils."

Taking a dig at secular parties without naming any, he said, "at one time, secularism meant appeasement of minorities. Now it means appeasement of terrorists with an eye on the vote bank.

© PTI 2010

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Judge calls for new law to deal with honour killings

Sukhbir Siwach & Manoj Dhaka

Apr 1, 2010

CHANDIGARH: The woman judge who awarded death penalty to five for the brutal murder of Manoj and Babli, a young couple who had married in breach of gotra norms, has called for a specific legislation to curb honour killings.

In her 96-page long judgment, additional district and sessions judge Vani Gopal Sharma said, "The present case is a classic example and reflects a long standing tradition of oppression against women. It has to be curbed by legislation categorizing such honour killing as a separate offence, giving a clear message to the public."

She wondered how a progressive society could allow such action in the name of community honour. Quoting a judgment of the SC, the judge said, "The present case does fall within the category of rarest of rare cases, not because such murders commonly take place, but because such killings shock the collective conscience of society."

The observations of the judge come in the wake of Union home minister P Chidambaram saying there is need to amend CrPC and IPC in cases of honour crimes.

Full report at:

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Judge-calls-for-new-law-to-deal-with-honour-killings/articleshow/5749037.cms

 

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Islamic Finance, Muslim Philanthropy

By Michele Fugiel

March 31 2010

Two articles have been sitting on my desk for weeks now and I've spent a number of afternoons mulling over what to write about them.  The first Doing God's Work from the Wall Street Journal takes another look at the success of Islamic finance funds and ask how well they are fairing & whether they are able to 1) make a  profit and 2) stick to the rules of Islam.  The second, from the Case Foundation, explores the creation of a Palestine Venture Fund which promotes stability, in a private-sector/economic way, to a region where diplomacy and security have not been successful.

My goal was to work up something clever to say, cast some insightful notion about these pieces or draw a larger conclusion.  Yet, while my gut is telling me there is something very interesting here, my head has refused to find its meaning.

Since I usually beat on the drum that "there is more than the Western way", I will apply that rhythm here as well. Looking through the program of the recent World Congress of Muslim Philanthropists and thinking about the launch of a World Zakat Fund, I see another option unfolding before our eyes.  It may not look so different from what we already know - contribute money, invest money, and apply towards creating social good - but the underlying cultural elements of how these things work may expand our norms.

I'm interested to see from where the funding comes, how it is disbursed, and what cultural implications occur.  For me, this area is less about foreign policy and more about another vehicle/theory for giving.   For others, I can already anticipate the debate.

If you have good resources to share on the topic, please do drop me a line.  The clever insight and larger conclusion for this post is TBD.

http://philanthropy.foreignpolicyblogs.com/2010/03/31/islamic-finance-muslim-philanthropy/

 

URL: http://www.newageislam.com/NewAgeIslamIslamicWorldNews_1.aspx?ArticleID=2644


--
Asadullah Syed

MUNIR COMMISSION REPORT-PART 21: CIRCUMSTANCES LEADING TO PROCLAMATION OF MARTIAL LAW

Books and Documents
01 Apr 2010, NewAgeIslam.Com
MUNIR COMMISSION REPORT-PART 21: CIRCUMSTANCES LEADING TO PROCLAMATION OF MARTIAL LAW

PART IV

 

With this more or less chronological statement of the case in the course of which we have stated relevant facts and events with our findings on points which were in issue between some of the parties, we proceed to sum up our conclusions and to return a reply to the terms of reference. By section 4 of the Act, Punjab Act II of 1954, we were commissioned to inquire into the circumstances connected with, and the responsibility for, the disturbances in accordance with the following terms of reference:—

 

(a) The responsibility for the disturbances;

 

(b) The circumstances leading to the declaration of the Martial Law in Lahore on the 6th of March 1953; and

 

(c) The adequacy or otherwise of the measures taken by the Provincial civil authorities to prevent, and subsequently to deal with, the disturbances.

 

The direction in clause (b) regarding the circumstances does not mean that we are merely to state the events which occurred before or during the disturbances; we interpret it to mean that we are to discover the causal connection, if any, between the events and incidents that occurred before or during the disturbances and the proclamation of Martial Law in Lahore. The Act also requires us to find where the responsibility for the disturbances lies and, therefore, from the very nature of the inquiry, there must be overlapping of discussion, reference and findings in coming to conclusions regarding the responsibility for the disturbances, the circumstances which led to the promulgation of Martial Law and the measures taken to prevent or deal with the disturbances. We have, as far as possible, attempted to keep these subjects separate and to avoid repetition but that the subjects are closely allied to, and mixed up with, each other cannot be denied. Though the term relating to responsibility occurs in clause (a) and that to circumstances in clause

 

(b), we consider it more convenient and logical to deal first with the latter.

 

It is admitted by all the parties concerned that in the circumstances existing on 6th March, the handing over to the military and the subordination of the civil power to the army had become inevitable. The civil authorities, who in normal times are responsible for the maintenance of law and order, had become completely helpless and lost all desire

 

The administrative machinery had completely failed and no one was willing or anxious to face the responsibility of enforcing the law, either by arresting offenders or preventing the perpetration of crime. Vast multitudes of human beings who in ordinary times were sane, sensible citizens, had assumed the form of unruly hysterical mobs whose only impulse was to disobey; the law and to bring constituted authority to its knees while baser elements of society, having taken advantage of the prevailing disorder, were behaving like wild beasts killing people, robbing them of their possessions and burning valuable property either for the sake of fun or to spite a fancied enemy. The whole machinery which keeps society alive had crumbled to pieces, making some drastic measure necessary to restore sense to mad humanity and to provide protection for helpless citizens. The disturbances were thus directly responsible for the promulgation of Martial Law. But how did the disturbances themselves come about? Was their cause some immediate and unexpected event or had certain parties or individuals been deliberately planning for them since long? Here again it is admitted that the disturbances were the result of protests and demonstrations that had begun to be staged in the various towns of the Punjab by the arrest of certain members of the Majlis-i-Amal in Karachi on the morning of 27th and in some towns of the Punjab on the night of 27th February or later.

 

These arrests were effected because the threat to resort to direct action, notice of which had been given to the Prime Minister of Pakistan more than a month earlier, was to be carried into effect by sending batches of volunteers to the residences of the Governor-General and the Prime Minister from the morning of 27th February. We are asked to believe that these batches would have gone to their destinations in perfect discipline and without any ostentation of public indignation over the Government's indifference to the demands and that these batches, each consisting of only five persons, were merely to offer a sort of satyagraha. But any one having an experience of what happens on such occasions would at once dismiss this expectation as a pious wish or a disingenuous argument.

 

What the sequence of events in Karachi or elsewhere would have been or what course the agitation would have adopted if no arrests had been made, is not merely a matter of guess or speculation but of intelligent expectation and anticipation in the light of experience of mob psychology and administrative difficulties on such occasions. Even, therefore, if no arrests had been made on the morning of 27th, the disturbances must have come about with only this difference that arrests would have become necessary a little later both in Karachi and important towns in the Punjab, where long preparations for organising volunteer corps and direct action committees and for nomination of dictators had been made. When we come to deal with the question of responsibility we shall show that parties who conceived, initiated and planned direct action had knowledge of the natural consequences of such action and that members of the Majlis-i-Amal, each and everyone of them unless he were a fool, fully knew that the course of action on which they had embarked was fraught with dangerous consequences to the life and property of the citizens and to the very existence of governmental machinery. In fact, the notice delivered to the Prime Minister had required him to abdicate in ease he was not willing to accept the demands and direct action was threatened only if he persisted in his stubbornness and refused to accept them. This threat contained in itself the implicit admission that if the Prime Minister did not resign, he would be replaced by another person as head of the Government who would be willing to accept the demands.

 

Accordingly the demands themselves must be held as having been the direct cause of the disturbances that actually came about. It, therefore, becomes necessary to examine what the demands were and what was the nature and reason thereof.

 

The demands were three in number. The first required the Government to have the Qadiani section of the Ahmadis declared as a non-Muslim minority, while the second and the third required the removal of Chaudhri Zafrullah Khan from the office of Foreign Minister and of other Ahmadis who held key positions m the State, from their posts. It is admitted before us by all parties that all the three demands were essentially religious and not political in nature. The only exception to this is the Shia divine Hafiz Kifayat Husain who says that the demand regarding the declaration of the Ahmadis as a non-Muslim minority was alone religious in its character, while the other two demands were of a political nature. Neither Jama'at-i-Islami nor its leader Maulana Abul Ala Maudoodi has denied the essentially religious character of the demands, though the latter has added some more reasons for them. All other ulama have expressly stated that each of the three demands was a religious demand and that not one of them was political. Indeed none who was a party to the direct action could have admitted the political character of the demands without making himself directly responsible for the disturbances and the admission about their religious character had to be made perforce by everyone concerned in an attempt to avoid his being held responsible for the disturbances for a worldly reason. On this part of the case some of the important parties, as for instance, the Ahrar and the Jama'at-i-Islami, and some divines who at one time belonged to the Ahrar or Congress organisations and before the Partition were pronounced believers in nationalism and a secular State and opposed to the Partition and the Muslim League, have found themselves distinctly embarrassed and in a position of inconsistency and self-contradiction in view of their previous utterances, because if the demands were religious in their character, and religion is both immutable and inflexible, then it becomes somewhat difficult to comprehend how ideology which is based on religion changes from time to time and from place to place.

 

Being fully conscious of the implications arising from, this position, they have adhered to the stand which they took before the public that the demands followed from their religious convictions.

 

Another point which at this stage we might mention about the demands is that they are alleged to be the unanimous demands of all religious sects in Islam and not merely of the persons who were parties to the resolutions passed at the All Pakistan Muslim Parties Convention in Karachi and the All Muslim Parties Convention at Lahore.

 

It is not contended before us that each of the religious groups or organisations some of which have their own constitutions, discussed the subject independently and passed resolutions in respect of it under its own constitution. What happened is that some member or members, be they office-bearers or not, of each religious group, were selected to represent the group at the Convention, and when it is stated that the demands were the unanimous demands of all religious groups, the claim is true only to this extent that a member or members from the most important religions groups in the country had expressed their approval of the demands. It is in this sense, therefore, that the demands can be said to be the unanimous demands of all Muslim sects.

 

When it is alleged that the demands were unanimous and religious in their character, what is meant is that according to all sects in Islam they are clear deductions from some theological assumptions or doctrines. Almost all the ulamawhom we questioned on the subject have stated that the demands are a corollary from the Objectives Resolution passed by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 12th March, 1949, and from that religio-political system which they call Islam. It has been most vehemently urged that Pakistan was claimed and was brought into existence so that the future political set-up of the new State may be based on the Qur'an and the sunna and that the actual realisation of the demand and the express recognition by the Objectives Resolution, of that ground for the demand, had created in the mind of the ulama and the citizens of Pakistan the belief that any demand which could be established on religious grounds would not only be conceded but warmly welcomed by the people at the helm of affairs of the State who had during the last several years been crying themselves hoarse over their intention to establish in Pakistan an Islamic State with a set-up of political, social and ethical institutions of the Islamic pattern. Some leaders, it is pointed out, had publicly declared the achievement of this objective as their life's mission. What, therefore, was necessary for the ulama to get an acceptance of the demands was merely to prove by theological argument that the Ahmadis were a distinct and separate community outside the pale of Islam and not entitled to take any part in the public affairs of the country which were to be managed and conducted strictly in accordance with the rules of Islam. In order to comprehend the exact nature of the demands, it is necessary to state here that when it is stated that Islam is a religio-political system, what is intended to be conveyed is that it has a cultural complex embracing specific political structures and legal and social traditions as distinguished from the Islamic dogma, cult, ethics and family institutions. This conception of Islam is partly borrowed from European terminology, but is also based on the doctrine of Daurl Islam; a country with an exclusively peculiar outlook on life basing all its institutions on, and directing its activity to the attainment of ends enjoined by, Revelation. We will again have to revert to this subject, but what is of importance to comprehend at the present stage is that the demands professed to be based on the idea of an Islamic State.

 

With these preliminary observations let us try to understand how the demands are claimed to follow from religion. For that purpose it is necessary not only to comprehend the precise doctrinal differences between the Musalmans and the Ahmadis but also to have a clear conception of that religio-political system called Islam and of the idea of an Islamic State from which the demands are stated to flow as a necessary consequence.

 

DOCTRINAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MUSALMANS AND AHMADIS

 

Earlier in. Part I of the Report we have given a short account of the birth of the Ahmadiya movement and the peculiar beliefs and tenets of its followers. We will now examine these beliefs more fully with a view to being better able to understand the religious differences between the Musalmans and the Ahmadis.

 

KHATM-I-NUBUWWAT

 

The first difference relates to the status of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiya community. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to Be a prophet (nabi) and this claim according to Musalmans put him completely outside the pale of Islam. A generally accepted hadith states that the number of prophets sent by God for the guidance of humanity is one lac and twenty-four thousand, and the Holy Prophet of Islam is believed by the Musalmans to have been the last of this series of prophets of whom some have been specifically mentioned in the Qur'an and the Bible. The doctrine of khatm-inubuwwat in the sense that prophethood (nubuwwat) ceased with the death of the Holy Prophet and that no new prophet (nabi) shall appear hereafter is said to be deducible from the following verses of the Qur'an:—

 

Sura XXXIII, verse 40:

 

"Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Apostle of God, and the Seal of the Prophets: and God has full knowledge of all things."

 

Sura III, verse 81:

 

"Behold! God took the Covenant of the Prophets, saying: 'I give you a Book and Wisdom; then comes to you an Apostle, confirming what is with you; do ye believe in him and render him help.' God said: 'Do ye agree, and take this My Covenant as binding on you?' They said:

'We agree.' He said: 'Then bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses.'"

 

Sura V, verse 4:

 

"This day have those who reject Faith given up all hope of your religion; Yet fear them not but fear Me. This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion."

 

Reliance is also placed on several ahadith and standard commentaries on the verses cited above beginning from the earliest times which are to the effect that no fresh prophet shall appear after our Holy Prophet. Some verses by celebrated poets in Arabic, Persian and Urdu, and treatises and tracts on the subject have also been referred to. Mr. Abdur Rahman Khadim, learned counsel for the Ahmadiya community, on the other hand, relies on Sura IV, verse 69, Sura LVII, verse 19, Sura VII, verse 35 and Sura XXIII, verse 51, which are as follows:—

 

Sura IV, verse 69:

 

"All who obey God and the Apostle are in. the company of those on whom is the Grace of God,—of the prophets (who teach), the Sincere (lovers of Truth), the witnesses (who testify), and the Righteous (who do good): Ah! what a beautiful Fellow-ship."

 

Sura LVII, verse 19:

 

"And those who believe in God and His apostles—they are the sincere (lovers of Truth), and the witnesses (who testify), in the eyes of their Lord: They shall have their Reward and their Light. But those who reject God and deny Our Signs,— they are the Companions of Hell- Fire."

 

Sura VII, verse 35:

 

"O ye Children of Adam! Whenever there come to you apostles from amongst you, rehearsing My Signs unto you,—those who are righteous and mend (their lives),—on them shall be no fear nor shall they grieve."

 

Sura XXIII, verse 51:

 

"O ye apostles I enjoy (all) things good and pure, and work righteousness: For I am well-acquainted with (all) that ye do." By a process of reasoning, which we need not explain here because we are neither required nor supposed to give a finding on the question whether any particular interpretation is correct, it is sought to prove from these verses of the Qur'an that there will in future, i.e., after our Holy Prophet, be persons to whom the word 'nabi' or 'rasul' may be applicable, and to reinforce this argument reference has also been made to some ahadith and to the works of some commentators and persons whose high spiritual status is generally acknowledged. Though it is not denied that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad used the word 'nabi' in respect of himself, it is contended that he used the word in a special sense and that he was not a 'nabi' in the technical sense, namely, in the sense of a person who brings a fresh message from God in abrogation, modification or supplementation of a similar earlier message and that his claim to prophethood (nubuwwat) was not to a tashri'i but only to a zilli or buruzi nubuwvwat. From the other side, it is urged that the idea of buruz or zill, which may be translated as 'incarnation', is foreign to the Islamic dogma and that any person, who claims to be the recipient of what may be called wahi-inubwwwat, creates a new ummat and automatically leaves the fold of Islam, and by reference to several writings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, of the present head of the Ahmadiya community and representative authors of that community, it is sought to establish that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad did claim to be the recipient of ilham or wahi of the kind which God had hitherto reserved exclusively for prophets. The question, therefore, is reduced to this whether Mirza Ghulam Ahmad ever claimed to be the receiver of such wahi as amounted to wahi-i-nubuwwat. In the past whenever a nabi has appeared he has always imposed on the people among whom he appears an obligation—our Holy Prophet imposed such obligation on entire humanity—to examine his claim and to believe in him and any disbelief or doubt in his nubuwwat exposes them to certain ultramundane liabilities. The people, therefore, find themselves called upon either to accept or to reject the claim. The acceptance of the claim brings into existence a new religious community which is considered by the earlier community to be an outcaste, while the new community considers those who do not believe in the new prophet to be outside their own community. Though Mirza Ghulam Ahmad started offering his hand with a direction to the people to accept it, the question still remains whether he claimed for his wahi the status of wahi-i-nubuwwat, omission to believe in which involves certain spiritual and ultramundane consequences. Before us the Ahmadis and their present head have, after careful consideration, taken the stand that he did not, but the other side vehemently contends that he did. There are some indications in the Ahmadiya literature, including some writings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad himself and the present head of the Ahmadiya community to support the contending party's assertion, but the position adopted before us now is clear that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad called himself a nabi merely because in one of his ilhams he was described as such by God, that he brought no new code, that he neither repealed nor supplemented the original code and that an omission to believe in Mirza Sahib's wahi does not take a person outside the pale of Islam. We have said before that it is not our business to give a finding whether the Ahmadis are or are not within the pale of Islam and we have referred to this point merely with a view to explaining the differences that are alleged to exist between them and the non-Ahmadis, leaving it to the latter to judge whether they should or should not consider the former to be Muslims.

 

CHRISTOLOGY

 

The second important difference between the two parties relates to the incident of crucifixion of Jesus and the belief in his reappearance before the Day of Resurrection. On the crucifixion and reappearance of Jesus there are at least four views:

 

(1) The view shared by most of the Muslim sects that Jesus did not die on the Cross and that he is alive in the Fourth Heaven from where he will descend on the earth before the Day of Resurrection, his appearance being one of the signs of the approaching Day;

 

(2) The view held by the Ahmadis that Jesus was saved from the Cross, tended by his disciples and cured of his wounds, after which he came over to Kashmir where he died a natural death, that the person who was promised to appear before the Day of Resurrection was to be a person with the attributes of Jesus, his maseel, and that that person was Mirza Ghulam Ahmad;

 

(3) The view that Jesus died on the Cross, but that he will rise from his grave before the Day of Resurrection; and

 

(4) The view that Jesus died on the Cross and that he will not at all appear, neither he in person nor his maseel.

 

The verses of the Qur'an. Which have reference to this phenomenon are:—

 

Sura XLIII, verses 57 to 61:

 

57. "When (Jesus) the son of Mary is held up as an example, behold, thy people raise a clamour thereat (in ridicule)!

 

58. "And they say, 'are our gods best, or he?' This they set forth to thee, only by way of disputation: yea, they are a contentious people.

 

59. "He was no more than a servant: We granted our favour to him, and we made him an example to the Children of Israel.

 

60. "And if it were Our Will, we could make angels from amongst you, succeeding each other on the earth.

 

61. "And (Jesus) shall be a Sign (for the coming of) the Hour (of Judgment): Therefore, have no doubt about the (Hour), but follow ye Me: this is a Straight Way."

 

Sura V, verse 120:

 

"Never said I to them aught except what Thou didst command me to say, to wit, 'Worship God, my Lord and your Lord' ; and I was a witness over them whilst I dwelt amongst them ; when Thou didst take me up, Thou wast the Watcher over them, and Thou art a witness to all things."

 

Sura III, verse 55 and 144:

 

55. "Behold! God said: 'O Jesus! I will take thee and raise thee to Myself and clear thee (of the falsehood) of those who blaspheme; I will make those who follow thee superior to those who reject Faith, to the Day of Resurrection: Then shall ye all return unto Me, and I will judge between you of the matters wherein ye dispute.

 

144. "Muhammad is no more than an Apostle: many were the Apostles that passed away before him. If he died or were slain, will ye then turn back on your heels? If any did turn back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to God; but God (on the other hand) will swiftly reward those who (serve him) with gratitude."

 

Sura IV, verses 157 and 158:

 

157. "That they said (in boast), 'We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Apostle of God' ;—but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not;—

 

158. "Nay, God raised him up unto himself; and God is Exalted in Power, Wise;" The non-Ahmadi Muslims interpret these verses so as to show that Jesus did not die on the Cross, that a phenomenon occurred in the nature of an optical illusion, and that in fact God lifted up Jesus towards himself where he is still alive in the Fourth Heaven from where he will descend before the Day of Resurrection. This view is sought to be supported by several ahadith on the subject. The Ahmadis, however, take these very verses to mean that Jesus died a natural death, though not on the Cross, and that another person with the attributes of Jesus was to appear and that that person has already appeared in the person of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. They also cite some opinions of renowned theologians in support of the view that only a person like Jesus and not Jesus himself is the promised Messiah who is to appear before the Day of Resurrection. It is contended by Maulana Murtaza Ahmad Khan Maikash on behalf of the Majlis-i-Amal that the Ahmadiya interpretation of these and certain other verses of the Qur'an amounts to tavil and tehrif, which amounts tokufr and irtidad and renders the man guilty of such misinterpretation liable to forfeit his life and property (halaluddam walmal). We are not called upon to express our own opinion on the merits of this controversy which centres round the meaning of the word 'masalan' ( مثلا ) in verse 57 of Sura LXIII and of the derivatives of the word 'wafa' ( وفیٰ ) which have been used in some of the verses cited above and also relates to the antecedent of the pronoun in the ( انهُ ) in verse 61 of Sura LXIII.

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Asadullah Syed